ubuntu-server-22.04上手指南

ubuntu-server-22.04上手指南

一、更新并安装基础软件

#切换root用户
sudo su -

#更新
apt update 

#升级
apt upgrade

#install vim
apt install vim

#install net-tools
apt install net-tools

二、安装ssh并设置开机自启动

#install ssh
apt install openssh-server
apt install openssh-client

#重启ssh服务
service ssh restart

vim /root/.bashrc
#文件末尾增加一条记录service ssh start
service ssh start

#将PermitRootLogin的值改为yes，/搜索即可，超级简单
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes

#放开22端口
ufw allow 22

三、设置ubuntu更新源为阿里源

#更换阿里源
vim /etc/apt/sources.list

#清除原有文件内容
:%d

#把下面的贴过去
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#更新
apt update 

#升级
apt upgrade

四、命令行设置静态IP地址

#进入网络管理目录
cd /etc/netplan

root@kelsen-ubuntu-desktop:/etc/netplan# ls
01-network-manager-all.yaml

vim 01-network-manager-all.yaml

# 设置600的文件权限，否则会报错Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.
chmod 600 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

#解决虚拟机下网络报错的问题
apt-get install openvswitch-switch

#01-network-manager-all.yaml修改为
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens33:   ##ens33可根据命令ifconfig -a 显示的网卡名
      dhcp4: false
      addresses: [192.168.1.105/24]  # 将此处的IP地址替换为你想要设置的静态IP地址
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.31.1  # 将此处的网关地址替换为你家庭路由器的网关地址，家庭网络中就是路由器地址
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.31.1,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]  # 可根据需要修改为你常用的DNS服务器地址
        
#应用
netplan apply