Ubuntu 22.04 上安装 Home Assistant
在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装无桌面的 Home Assistant 可以通过以下步骤完成。Home Assistant 是自动化爱好者常用的平台，我们将使用 Home Assistant 的容器（docker）版本以确保灵活性和易于管理。
安装步骤
1. 更新系统
首先，确保系统是最新的，运行下面的命令来更新包管理器和软件包。
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
2. 安装 Docker
Home Assistant 的容器版要求 Docker 的运行环境，因此首先要安装 Docker。
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
确保 Docker 安装成功：
sudo systemctl status docker
3. 安装 Docker Compose
Docker Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。在这里我们将使用它来管理 Home Assistant。
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/docker/compose/releases/latest | grep -oP '"tag_name": "\K(.*)(?=")')/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
验证安装：
docker-compose --version
如果下载失败，可以自己通过其它电脑获取 docker-compose
注意：
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(uname -s)-
(uname−s)−(uname -m)
准备 Home Assistant 的运行环境
创建一个目录来保存 Home Assistant 的配置文件和 Docker Compose 文件。
mkdir ~/homeassistant
cd ~/homeassistant
创建一个 docker-compose.yml 文件：
services:
homeassistant:
container_name: home-assistant
image: "ghcr.nju.edu.cn/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable"
volumes:
- ./config:/config
environment:
- TZ=Asia/Shanghai # 替换 YOUR_TIME_ZONE 为您的时区，例如 America/New_York
restart: unless-stopped
network_mode: host
确保将 YOUR_TIME_ZONE 替换为实际的时区名称。
timedatectl 是一个用于查看和设置系统时钟的命令。你可以通过运行以下命令来查看当前时区：
timedatectl
5. 启动 Home Assistant
运行以下命令以拉取镜像并启动容器：
docker-compose up -d
6. 访问 Home Assistant
在浏览器中打开 http://<你的服务器IP>:8123，你应该可以看到 Home Assistant 的初始设置页面。
离线获取 Docker 镜像
-
在联网机器上导出镜像:
在一台可以访问 Docker Registry 的机器上，首先拉取所需的 Docker 镜像：
docker pull ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable导出镜像到一个 tar 文件：
docker save -o home-assistant-stable.tar ghcr.io/home-assistant/home-assistant:stable -
将镜像传输到离线机器:
使用 USB 驱动器、局域网或其他传输方法，将
home-assistant-stable.tar文件传输到离线机器。 -
在离线机器上导入镜像:
在离线机器上，使用以下命令导入镜像：
docker load -i home-assistant-stable.tar通过这种方法，镜像就会被加载到你的 Docker 环境中，你可以像通常那样运行它。
更新Linux apt 源
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
替换配置
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS _Jammy Jellyfish_ - Release amd64 (20230223)]/ jammy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.
卸载 Home Assistant：
-
列出正在运行的容器以找到 Home Assistant 容器的ID（如果未提供明确名称）：
sudo docker ps -
停止并删除 Home Assistant 容器：
sudo docker stop <container_id_or_name> sudo docker rm <container_id_or_name> -
删除镜像：
sudo docker rmi homeassistant/home-assistant