Linux下gdb调试快速入门
Linux下gdb调试
首先,我们使用Linux发布的可执行文件都是release版本,要进行调试的话,需要将其改为debug版本。
Linux下发布debug版本的格式:使用-g
[root@node02 network]# g++ -g baba.cpp -o baba
1、启动gdb
[root@node02 network]# gdb baba
GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6.1-120.el7
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
Reading symbols from /home/admin/network/baba...done.
上述方法会有gdb的一些版本介绍,界面不太简介
可以使用下面的方法启动gdb, 加一个 -q
[root@node02 network]# gdb -q baba
Reading symbols from /home/admin/network/baba...done.
2、查看源码
gdb启动成功后,会出现(gdb), 使用小写l 即可查看源码。默认显示10行,回车可查看剩余的
(gdb) l
3、执行可执行程序
使用run,简写r即可,运行程序直到遇到 结束或者遇到断点等待下一个命令
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/admin/network/baba
...
4、打断点
break(简写 b)
格式:b 行号; 在某行设置断点
infor breakpoints:显示断点信息
Num:断点编号
Disp:断点执行一次之后是否有效 kep:有效 dis:无效
Enb:当前断点是否有效 y:有效 n:无效
Address:内存地址
What:位置
break func(break缩写为b):在函数func()的入口处设置断点
(gdb) b 22
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400c19: file baba.cpp, line 22.
(gdb) b 26
Breakpoint 2 at 0x400c6a: file baba.cpp, line 26.
(gdb) info breakpoints
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400c19 in test01() at baba.cpp:22
2 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400c6a in test01() at baba.cpp:26
5、单步执行
使用continue(简写c)、next(简写n)、step(简写s)命令。
continue(简写 c):继续执行程序,直到下一个断点或者结束;
next(简写 n ):单步执行程序,但是遇到函数时会直接跳过函数,不进入函数;
step(简写 s) :单步执行程序,但是遇到函数会进入函数;
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/admin/network/baba
Breakpoint 1, test01 () at baba.cpp:22
22 while(itBegin != itEnd)
(gdb) c
Continuing.
10
20
30
Breakpoint 2, test01 () at baba.cpp:29
29 for(vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
(gdb) n
31 cout<< *it<< endl;
(gdb) n
10
29 for(vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
(gdb) n
31 cout<< *it<< endl;
(gdb) n
20
29 for(vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
(gdb) n
31 cout<< *it<< endl;
6、其他操作
delete 断点号n:删除第n个断点
disable 断点号n:暂停第n个断点
enable 断点号n:开启第n个断点
clear 行号n:清除第n行的断点
info b (info breakpoints) :显示当前程序的断点设置情况
delete breakpoints:清除所有断点:
(gdb) info breakpoints
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400c19 in test01() at baba.cpp:22
breakpoint already hit 1 time
2 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400c6a in test01() at baba.cpp:26
breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb) delete 1
(gdb) info breakpoints
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
2 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400c6a in test01() at baba.cpp:26
breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb) disable 2
(gdb) info breakpoints
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
2 breakpoint keep n 0x0000000000400c6a in test01() at baba.cpp:26
breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb) enable 2
(gdb) info breakpoints
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
2 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400c6a in test01() at baba.cpp:26
breakpoint already hit 1 time
(gdb) delete breakpoints
Delete all breakpoints? (y or n) y
(gdb) info b
No breakpoints or watchpoints.
使用print、whatis查看变量(前提:先打断点让程序执行到这块,然后才能查看刚刚执行的*it的值,以及它的类型)
(gdb) print *it
$2 = (int &) @0x604014: 20
(gdb) whatis *it
type = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int*, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >::reference
until:退出循环体。
until+行号:运行至某行,不仅仅用来跳出循环
7、退出gdb
使用q退出
(gdb) q