前端动态路由(前端控制全部路由,用户角色由后端返回)
与后台控制路由的方式进行对比:
缺点
- 前端鉴权不够灵活,线上版本每次修改权限页面,都需要重新打包项目
- 中小型项目中 前端鉴权明显更加好用,成本更低,程序员们也不用996了(雾),但是对于权限等级很多,并且比较大的项目,维护这一套鉴权路由,毫无疑问是一个大工程,并且面对频繁变更的需求,bug会出现的更加频繁,前端工程师工作量大大增加,这时候似乎前端鉴权就不再是好的方案
- 如果需要在页面中增加角色并且控制可以访问的页面,则不能用前端鉴权
优点:
1.不用后端帮助,路由表维护在前端
2.逻辑相对比较简单,比较容易上手
3.权限少的系统用前端鉴权更加方便
实现关键步骤
1.前端定义静态路由和动态路由
2.登录时请求接口请求用户信息,将其存入vuex中,并且将token存储
3.在路由拦截器中,通过token去请求用户的角色,根据用户的角色,去筛选中用户所拥有的路由,最后使用router.addRoutes将其添加到静态路由中
4.退出登录时清空用户信息,用户角色以及用户的路由
步骤一:前端定义静态路由和动态路由
import Vue from "vue"
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import Layout from "@/layout"
Vue.use(VueRouter)
// 解决重复点击路由报错的BUG
// 下面这段代码主要解决这个问题 :Uncaught (in promise) Error: Redirected when going from "/login" to "/index" via a navigation guard.
const originalPush = VueRouter.prototype.push
VueRouter.prototype.push = function push(location) {
return originalPush.call(this, location).catch((err) => err)
}
// 定义好静态路由
export const constantRoutes = [
{
path: "/login",
name: "login",
component: () => import("../views/login"),
hidden: true,
},
]
// 定义动态路由,以及每个页面对应的roles(写在meta中,不写代表都可以访问)
export const asyncRoutes = [
{
id: 1,
name: "/",
path: "/",
component: Layout,
redirect: "/index",
hidden: false,
children: [
{
name: "index",
path: "/index",
meta: { title: "index" },
component: () => import("@/views/index"),
},
],
},
{
id: 2,
name: "/form",
path: "/form",
component: Layout,
redirect: "/form/index",
hidden: false,
children: [
{
name: "/form/index",
path: "/form/index",
meta: { title: "form" },
component: () => import("@/views/form"),
},
],
},
{
id: 3,
name: "/example",
path: "/example",
component: Layout,
redirect: "/example/tree",
meta: { title: "example" },
hidden: false,
children: [
{
name: "/tree",
path: "/example/tree",
meta: { title: "tree" },
component: () => import("@/views/tree"),
},
{
name: "/copy",
path: "/example/copy",
meta: { title: "copy" },
component: () => import("@/views/tree/copy"),
},
],
},
{
id: 4,
name: "/table",
path: "/table",
component: Layout,
redirect: "/table/index",
hidden: false,
meta: { roles: ["admin"] },
children: [
{
name: "/table/index",
path: "/table/index",
meta: { title: "table", roles: ["admin"] },
component: () => import("@/views/table"),
},
],
},
{
id: 5,
name: "/admin",
path: "/admin",
component: Layout,
redirect: "/admin/index",
hidden: false,
meta: { roles: ["admin"] },
children: [
{
name: "/admin/index",
path: "/admin/index",
meta: { title: "admin", roles: ["admin"] },
component: () => import("@/views/admin"),
},
],
},
{
id: 6,
name: "/people",
path: "/people",
component: Layout,
redirect: "/people/index",
hidden: false,
meta: { roles: ["admin", "common_user"] },
children: [
{
name: "/people/index",
path: "/people/index",
meta: { title: "people", roles: ["admin", "common_user"] },
component: () => import("@/views/people"),
},
],
},
{
id: 7,
name: "/404",
path: "/404",
component: () => import("@/views/404"),
},
// 404 page must be placed at the end !!!
{ path: "*", redirect: "/404", hidden: true },
]
const router = new VueRouter({
mode: "history",
base: process.env.BASE_URL,
routes: constantRoutes,
})
export default router
注意点:注意404页面要放到最后
步骤二:登录时请求接口请求用户信息,将其存入vuex中,并且将token存储
methods: {
login () {
this.$refs.userForm.validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
// 模拟登录接口去请求用户数据
setTimeout(() => {
// 这里的res就是模拟后台返回的用户数据(不包含用户角色,一般角色是由单独的一个接口返回)
const res = dynamicUserData.filter((item) => item.username === this.user.username)[0]
console.log(res)
// 存储用户的信息及token到vuex,并做sessionStorage持久化处理
this.$store.commit('User/saveUserInfo', res)
Message({ type: 'success', message: "登录成功", showClose: true, duration: 3000 })
this.$router.push({ path: "/index" })
}, 1000)
} else return false
})
}
}
步骤三(关键):在路由拦截器中,通过token去请求用户的角色,根据用户的角色,去筛选中用户所拥有的路由,最后使用router.addRoutes将其添加到静态路由中
路由钩子逻辑:
是否为白名单页面
是:直接进入
不是:判断是否有token
无token:重置到login页面
有token: 判断用户是否有角色权限列表
有权限列表:直接进入
没有权限列表:调接口去获取用户权限列表,并将用户权限列表存储到vuex
根据返回的角色权限列表去过滤异步路由中该角色可访问的页面
使用route.addRouters将可访问的路由页面添加进去
import router from './index'
import NProgress from 'nprogress' // progress bar
import store from '@/store'
import menu from '@/mock/menu.js'
NProgress.configure({ showSpinner: false }) // NProgress Configuration
// 白名单页面直接进入
const whiteList = ['/login']
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
NProgress.start()
// 白名单页面,不管是否有token,是否登录都直接进入
if (whiteList.indexOf(to.path) !== -1) {
next()
return false
}
// 有token(代表了有用户信息,但是不确定有没有角色权限数组)
if (store.state.User.token) {
// 判断当前用户是否有角色权限数组, 是登录状态则一定有路由,直接放行,不是登录状态则去获取路由菜单登录
// 刷新时hasRoles会重置为false,重新去获取 用户的角色列表
const hasRoles = store.state.permission.roles && store.state.permission.roles.length > 0
if (!hasRoles) {
setTimeout(async () => {
const roles = menu.filter(item => item.token === store.state.User.token)[0].roles
// 将该角色权限数组存储到vuex中
store.commit('permission/setRoles', roles)
// 根据返回的角色信息去过滤异步路由中该角色可访问的页面
const accessRoutes = await store.dispatch('permission/generateRoutes', roles)
// dynamically add accessible routes
router.addRoutes(accessRoutes)
// hack方法
next({ ...to, replace: true })
}, 500)
} else {
next() //当有用户权限的时候,说明所有可访问路由已生成 如访问没权限的全面会自动进入404页面
}
} else {
next({ path: '/login' })
}
})
router.afterEach(() => {
// finish progress bar
NProgress.done()
})
步骤三补充点:vuex中做的事为: 将定义好的动态路由 通过 角色权限数组(后台返回的)进行过滤,过滤出用户有的路由,然后将该过滤后的路由添加到静态路由后面去。
import { asyncRoutes, constantRoutes } from '@/router'
/**
* Filter asynchronous routing tables by recursion
* @param routes asyncRoutes
* @param roles
*/
export function filterAsyncRoutes(routes, roles) {
const res = []
routes.forEach(route => {
const tmp = { ...route }
if (hasPermission(roles, tmp)) {
if (tmp.children) {
tmp.children = filterAsyncRoutes(tmp.children, roles)
}
res.push(tmp)
}
})
return res
}
function hasPermission(roles, route) {
if (route.meta && route.meta.roles) {
console.log(roles.some(role => route.meta.roles.includes(role)))
return roles.some(role => route.meta.roles.includes(role))
} else {
return true
}
}
const state = {
roles: [],
routes: [],
addRoutes: [],
}
const mutations = {
setRoles(state, val) {
state.roles = val
},
SET_ROUTES: (state, routes) => {
state.addRoutes = routes
state.routes = constantRoutes.concat(routes)
},
}
const actions = {
generateRoutes({ commit }, roles) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
let accessedRoutes
if (roles.includes('admin')) {
accessedRoutes = asyncRoutes || []
} else {
accessedRoutes = filterAsyncRoutes(asyncRoutes, roles)
}
commit('SET_ROUTES', accessedRoutes)
resolve(accessedRoutes)
})
},
}
export default {
namespaced: true,
state,
mutations,
actions,
}
步骤四:退出登录时清空用户信息,用户角色以及用户的路由
methods: {
// 退出登录
handleLogout() {
window.localStorage.removeItem("token")
// 清除用户信息
this.$store.commit("User/removeUserInfo")
// 清除角色权限列表
this.$store.commit("permission/setRoles", [])
// 清除角色权限数组
this.$store.commit("permission/SET_ROUTES", [])
Message({
type: "success",
message: "退出登录",
showClose: true,
duration: 3000,
})
this.$router.push({ path: "/login" })
},
},
文章参考:花裤衩大佬:https://juejin.cn/post/6844903478880370701#heading-4
本文的demo:https://github.com/rui-rui-an/front_router