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centos7中通过kubeadmin安装k8s集群

article 2024/11/14 7:30:18

k8s部署官方提供了kind、minikube、kubeadmin等多种安装方式。
其中minikube安装在之前的文章中已经介绍过，部署比较简单。下面介绍通过kubeadmin部署k8s集群。
在这里插入图片描述
生产中提供了多种高可用方案：

k8s官方文档
本文安装的是1.28.0版本。
建议去认真阅读一下官方文档，下面的操作基本是出自官方文档。

1、环境准备

三台centos7虚拟机:2核4G（官网最低要求2核2G）
内核版本：

 uname -r

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角色	ip	主机名
master	192.168.213.9	k8s-kubeadmin-1
node1	192.168.213.10	k8s-kubeadmin-2
node2	192.168.213.11	k8s-kubeadmin-3

在三台虚拟机中修改hosts文件：
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确保可以通过主机名ping通对方。
修改主机名：
查看：

hostname

修改：

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-kubeadmin-1

2、安装

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2.1、所有节点操作：关闭防火墙

关闭防火墙，免得要配置开放端口，不想关闭也行，不怕麻烦的话，可以参考我之前的博客去设置开放防火墙端口。

systemctl stop firewalld  #停止防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld #设置开机不启动

2.2、所有节点操作：禁用selinux

# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

或者设置为SELINUX=disabled
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2.3、所有节点操作：关闭swap分区

#永久禁用swap,删除或注释掉/etc/fstab里的swap设备的挂载命令即可
nano /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

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重启：

reboot

2.4、所有节点操作：设置同步时间

yum -y install ntp
systemctl start ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd

2.5、所有节点操作：开启bridge-nf-call-iptalbes

在Kubernetes环境中，iptables和IPVS都用于实现网络流量转发和负载均衡，但它们在实现方式和功能上有一些区别。

iptables是Linux系统内置的一个工具，可以对流量进行过滤和转发，支持NAT等网络功能。在Kubernetes中，iptables主要用于实现Service的ClusterIP和NodePort类型。当Service为ClusterIP类型时，iptables会在节点上为每个Service IP添加一条规则，将流量转发到后端Pod的IP上。当Service为NodePort类型时，iptables会在每个节点上添加一条规则，将流量从宿主机的NodePort转发到Service IP上。

相比之下，IPVS（IP Virtual Server）是一个基于Linux内核实现的高性能负载均衡工具，可以在内核态对流量进行处理，支持多种负载均衡算法，并能够进行会话保持。在Kubernetes中，IPVS可以用于实现Service的负载均衡，相比于iptables，IPVS具有更高的性能和更多的负载均衡算法选择，可以更好地应对高流量和高并发的场景。IPVS代理使用iptables做数据包过滤、SNAT或伪装。

总结来说，iptables和IPVS在Kubernetes中都用于实现网络流量的转发和负载均衡。iptables更适用于实现基于Service的负载均衡，而IPVS则更适合于高性能、高并发的场景。在实际使用中，可以根据需求选择合适的工具。
执行以下指令：

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

# 设置所需的 sysctl 参数，参数在重新启动后保持不变
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
EOF

# 应用 sysctl 参数而不重新启动
sudo sysctl --system

通过运行以下指令确认 `br_netfilter` 和 `overlay` 模块被加载：

lsmod | grep br_netfilter
lsmod | grep overlay

通过运行以下指令确认 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables、net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables 和 net.ipv4.ip_forward 系统变量在你的 sysctl 配置中被设置为 1：

sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables net.ipv4.ip_forward

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 /]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables net.ipv4.ip_forward
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

2.6、所有节点操作：安装容器运行时containerd

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安装containerd：

yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install containerd.io

生成config.toml配置

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

配置 systemd cgroup 驱动：
在 /etc/containerd/config.toml 中设置

sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup = false/SystemdCgroup = true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml

启动containerd 、开机自启动：

systemctl restart containerd && systemctl enable containerd

2.7、所有节点操作：k8s配置阿里云yum源

官网中配置的是国外的yum地址，速度较慢或者由于某些因素，所有配置为阿里云的yum源。
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cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name = Kubernetes
baseurl = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
repo_gpgcheck = 0
gpgkey = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# ll
total 48
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  616 Nov 23  2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1919 Nov 21 03:56 docker-ce.repo
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  287 Nov 29 00:54 kubernetes.repo
[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]#

安装docker：

sudo yum install -y yum-utils

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

启动：

sudo systemctl start docker

开机启动：

systemctl enable docker

配置阿里云镜像加速：
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可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://e6sj15e9.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

2.8、所有节点操作：yum安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

这是官网的安装：
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删除历史安装：历史曾经安装过的可以执行，卸载重新安装。

yum -y remove kubelet kubeadm kubectl

访问查看阿里云上面的安装包详情：

https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64

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看到1.28.0版本比较新的，2023-08-16更新的，选用这个。安装时加上版本号：

yum install -y kubelet-1.28.0 kubeadm-1.28.0 kubectl-1.28.0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
systemctl enable kubelet

2.9、查看所需的镜像

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需要准备镜像。

可以进行自定义镜像等操作。我采用的的查询阿里加速镜像器中存在的，然后修改标签为它需要的。

 kubeadm config images list

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]#  kubeadm config images list
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.28.4
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.4
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.28.4
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.28.4
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.9-0
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.10.1

这些依赖镜像是阿里云镜像中没有的。

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# docker search registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.28.4
Error response from daemon: Unexpected status code 404

所以下面的kubeadmin init命令很可能是成功不了的。
需要拉去阿里云上面的镜像下来，然后tag修改为它需求的镜像标签。

docker tag  registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.28.0   registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.28.4
docker tag  registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.0   registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.28.4
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.28.0   registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.28.4
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.28.0   registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.28.4
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.9-0 registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.9-0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.10.1 registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.10.1
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9  registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
flannel/flannel                                                   v0.22.3   e23f7ca36333   2 months ago    70.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver            v1.28.0   bb5e0dde9054   3 months ago    126MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver                                    v1.28.4   bb5e0dde9054   3 months ago    126MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler            v1.28.0   f6f496300a2a   3 months ago    60.1MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler                                    v1.28.4   f6f496300a2a   3 months ago    60.1MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager   v1.28.0   4be79c38a4ba   3 months ago    122MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager                           v1.28.4   4be79c38a4ba   3 months ago    122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                v1.28.0   ea1030da44aa   3 months ago    73.1MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy                                        v1.28.4   ea1030da44aa   3 months ago    73.1MB
flannel/flannel-cni-plugin                                        v1.2.0    a55d1bad692b   4 months ago    8.04MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                      3.5.9-0   73deb9a3f702   6 months ago    294MB
registry.k8s.io/etcd                                              3.5.9-0   73deb9a3f702   6 months ago    294MB
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns                                   v1.10.1   ead0a4a53df8   9 months ago    53.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                   v1.10.1   ead0a4a53df8   9 months ago    53.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                     3.9       e6f181688397   13 months ago   744kB
registry.k8s.io/pause                                             3.6       e6f181688397   13 months ago   744kB
registry.k8s.io/pause                                             3.9       e6f181688397   13 months ago   744kB
kubernetesui/dashboard                                            latest    07655ddf2eeb   14 months ago   246MB
kubernetesui/dashboard                                            v2.7.0    07655ddf2eeb   14 months ago   246MB
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper                                      latest    421615ce8dbd   2 years ago     34.4MB
kubernetesui/metrics-scraper                                      v1.0.8    421615ce8dbd   2 years ago     34.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                v1.17.4   6dec7cfde1e5   3 years ago     116MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver            v1.17.4   2e1ba57fe95a   3 years ago     171MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager   v1.17.4   7f997fcf3e94   3 years ago     161MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler            v1.17.4   5db16c1c7aff   3 years ago     94.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                   1.6.5     70f311871ae1   4 years ago     41.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                      3.4.3-0   303ce5db0e90   4 years ago     288MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                     3.1       da86e6ba6ca1   5 years ago     742kB
kubernetes/pause                                                  latest    f9d5de079539   9 years ago     240kB

2.9、k8s-kubeadmin-1节点执行：安装master

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.213.9 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.28.0 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
--v=5

由于上面容器运行时安装了containerd和Docker Engine（使用 cri-dockerd），所以需要指定cri-socket参数。
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在这里插入图片描述

安装的过程中要是出错了，重新安装，需要重置 kubeadm 安装的状态：

kubeadm reset --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

重置过程不会重置或清除 iptables 规则或 IPVS 表。如果希望重置 iptables，则必须手动进行：

iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X

如果要重置 IPVS 表，则必须运行以下命令：

ipvsadm -C

our Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.213.9:6443 --token askdfkjsdfkljkldffj\
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:kjlksjdfkasdkjflksdfljdfkdf

然后根据提示操作：
要使非 root 用户可以运行 kubectl，请运行以下命令，它们也是 kubeadm init 输出的一部分：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

或者，如果你是 root 用户，则可以运行：

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

这时执行：

kubectl get node

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# kubectl get node
NAME              STATUS   ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-kubeadmin-1   NoReady    control-plane   4h31m   v1.28.0

子节点加入k8s-kubeadmin-1节点：
格式：

kubeadm join --token <token> <control-plane-host>:<control-plane-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

kubeadm join 192.168.213.9:6443 --token s5inwf.17rdxvhjalwyzj92 \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ce85d2ceaea7311ac3e58ee355d34ee9235702e3415d43b84f78da682210ee09 \
        --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --v=5

有可能token过期了：
k8s-kubeadmin-1执行创建token:

kubeadm token create

会输出：

5didvk.d09sbcov8ph2amjw

如果你没有 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash 的值，则可以通过在控制平面节点上执行以下命令链来获取它：

openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | \
   openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'

输出类似于以下内容：

8cb2de97839780a412b93877f8507ad6c94f73add17d5d7058e91741c9d5ec78

再执行：

kubectl get node

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# kubectl get node
NAME              STATUS   ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-kubeadmin-1   NoReady    control-plane   4h31m   v1.28.0
k8s-kubeadmin-2   NoReady    <none>          4h7m    v1.28.0
k8s-kubeadmin-3   NoReady    <none>          4h7m    v1.28.0

需要安装 Pod 网络附加组件

3.0、k8s-kubeadmin-1节点执行：安装 Pod 网络附加组件-容器网络接口 (CNI)

在这里插入图片描述
下载安装：

wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.3.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz
mkdir -pv /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.3.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

再次执行kubectl get node

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# kubectl get node
NAME              STATUS   ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-kubeadmin-1   Ready    control-plane   4h31m   v1.28.0
k8s-kubeadmin-2   Ready    <none>          4h7m    v1.28.0
k8s-kubeadmin-3   Ready    <none>          4h7m    v1.28.0

查看命名空间kube-system的pod的状态：

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                         READY   STATUS             RESTARTS         AGE
coredns-66f779496c-9tqbt                     1/1     Running            0                4h42m
coredns-66f779496c-wzvts                     1/1     Running            0                4h42m
dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-v2dn4   1/1     Running            0                3h
etcd-k8s-kubeadmin-1                         1/1     Running            0                4h42m
kube-apiserver-k8s-kubeadmin-1               1/1     Running            0                4h42m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-kubeadmin-1      1/1     Running            0                4h42m
kube-proxy-bwksp                             1/1     Running            0                4h19m
kube-proxy-gdd49                             1/1     Running            0                4h42m
kube-proxy-svj87                             1/1     Running            0                4h18m
kube-scheduler-k8s-kubeadmin-1               1/1     Running            0                4h42m
kubernetes-dashboard-76f4b5bc7d-gjm79        0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   26 (4m14s ago)   124m

3.1 、安装kubernetes-dashboard

拉取kubernetes-dashboard资源配置清单yaml文件

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

没有其他手段看外面的世界的话可能会比较慢或者拉取失败，下面是我拉取下来的文件，可以复制使用:
其中用到的两个镜像：kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0、kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8，阿里云镜像加速器上面没有。可以查找加速器上面有的，然后通过tag方式修改为它需要的。
在三个机器上都拉取配置。
下面的文件需要修改几个地方;

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      name: https  # 源文件没有name
      nodePort: 32001 # 源文件没有nodePort
  type: NodePort # 源文件没有nodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

源文件：

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

部署：

kubectl apply -f [你的本地路径]/recommended.yaml

本地创建dashboard-adminuser.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f [你的文件路径]/dashboard-adminuser.yaml
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user

保存输出的token，后面登录使用。
获取所有的命名空间下的pod：

[root@k8s-kubeadmin-1 yum.repos.d]#  kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE              NAME                                         READY   STATUS             RESTARTS         AGE
kube-flannel           kube-flannel-ds-5r52b                        1/1     Running            0                4h35m
kube-flannel           kube-flannel-ds-9jvk4                        1/1     Running            0                4h35m
kube-flannel           kube-flannel-ds-jbc85                        1/1     Running            0                4h35m
kube-system            coredns-66f779496c-9tqbt                     1/1     Running            0                5h8m
kube-system            coredns-66f779496c-wzvts                     1/1     Running            0                5h8m
kube-system            dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-v2dn4   1/1     Running            0                3h27m
kube-system            etcd-k8s-kubeadmin-1                         1/1     Running            0                5h9m
kube-system            kube-apiserver-k8s-kubeadmin-1               1/1     Running            0                5h9m
kube-system            kube-controller-manager-k8s-kubeadmin-1      1/1     Running            0                5h9m
kube-system            kube-proxy-bwksp                             1/1     Running            0                4h45m
kube-system            kube-proxy-gdd49                             1/1     Running            0                5h8m
kube-system            kube-proxy-svj87                             1/1     Running            0                4h45m
kube-system            kube-scheduler-k8s-kubeadmin-1               1/1     Running            0                5h9m
kube-system            kubernetes-dashboard-76f4b5bc7d-gjm79        0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   30 (7m54s ago)   150m
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-5657497c4c-mk9hk   1/1     Running            0                4h28m
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-78f87ddfc-v6l57         1/1     Running            0                4h28m

查看所有的命名空间下的服务：NodePort（发布出去）型

 kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE              NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default                kubernetes                  ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP                  5h10m
kube-system            kube-dns                    ClusterIP   10.96.0.10       <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   5h10m
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.109.201.223   <none>        8000/TCP                 160m
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.105.61.238    <none>        443:32001/TCP            157m