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【Python】Python读Excel文件生成xml文件

目录

​前言

正文

1.Python基础学习

2.Python读取Excel表格

2.1安装xlrd模块

2.2使用介绍

2.2.1常用单元格中的数据类型

2.2.2 导入模块

2.2.3打开Excel文件读取数据

2.2.4常用函数

2.2.5代码测试

2.2.6 Python操作Excel官方网址

3.Python创建xml文件

3.1 xml语法学习

3.2创建xml文件

3.3 代码测试

4.解决问题

5.总结


​前言

ECU诊断工作,需要实现的DTC(Diagnostic trouble code)接近500个,每个DTC的配置项基本类似。也就是说需要在AUTOSAR工具上重复手动配置500个DTC。AUTOSAR工具还非常的卡。

分析整个操作过程为:Excel表格读取一个DTC码-->ISOLAR工具中手动配置一个DTC-->重复500次 --> 最后生成配置文件Dem_Config.axml.

Axml文件中每一项DTC的配置内容如下,基本就是修改DTC码。

基于以上重复且有规律的工作需求,考虑使用Python脚本搞定。

正文

1.Python基础学习

推荐菜鸟教程:https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-install.html

整个学习过程推荐两到3天完成。

2.Python读取Excel表格

python操作excel主要用到xlrd和xlwt这两个库,即xlrd是读excel,xlwt是写excel的库。这里只用到xlrd模块。

2.1安装xlrd模块

命令行:pip install xlrd

2.2使用介绍

2.2.1常用单元格中的数据类型

0: empty, 

1: string(text), 

2:number, 3:date, 

4: boolean, 

5: error, 

b: blank(空白)

2.2.2 导入模块

Import xlrd

2.2.3打开Excel文件读取数据

Data = xlrd.open_workbook(r’filename’)

2.2.4常用函数

Excel当中最重要的就是对book(工作簿)和sheet(工作表)的操作

1)获取book中一个工作表

table = data.sheets()[0]     #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_index(sheet_indx))   #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)  #通过名称获取

以上三个函数都会返回一个xlrd.sheet.Sheet()对象

names = data.sheet_names() #返回book中所有工作表的名字
data.sheet_loaded(sheet_name or indx) # 检查某个sheet是否导入完毕

2)行的操作

nrows = table.nrows #获取该sheet中的有效行数
table.row(rowx) #返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.row_slice(rowx) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.row_types(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None) #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
table.row_values(rowx, start_colx=0, end_colx=None) #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
table.row_len(rowx) #返回该列的有效单元格长度

3)列的操作

ncols = table.ncols #获取列表的有效列数
table.col(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.col_slice(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
table.col_types(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
table.col_values(colx, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None) #返回由该列中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
 

4)单元格的操作

table.cell(rowx,colx) #返回单元格对象
table.cell_type(rowx,colx) #返回单元格中的数据类型
table.cell_value(rowx,colx) #返回单元格中的数据

2.2.5代码测试

测试Excel表格

测试代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import xlrd
​
data = xlrd.open_workbook(r'.\book.xlsx')
​
def xlrd_read():
    table = data.sheets()[0]     #通过索引顺序获取第一个sheet1
#行操作
    print("There are %s rows in sheet1" %(table.nrows))      #获取该sheet中的有效行数
    print("Return type of table.row(): ", type(table.row(0)))   #返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
    print("Items of row 1 on shee1: ", table.row(1))     #第2行列表元素
    print("Items of row 2 on sheet1: ", table.row_slice(2))     #返回由该行中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
    print(table.row_types(1, start_colx=0, end_colx=None))  #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
    print(table.row_values(1, start_colx=0, end_colx=None))  #返回由该行中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
    print("Length of row 2: ", table.row_len(1))  #返回该行的有效单元格长度
    #列操作
    print("There are %s columns in sheet1" %(table.ncols)) #获取列表的有效列数
    print(table.col(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None))    #返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
    print(table.col_slice(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None))  # 返回由该列中所有的单元格对象组成的列表
    print(table.col_types(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None))  # 返回由该列中所有单元格的数据类型组成的列表
    print(table.col_values(0, start_rowx=0, end_rowx=None))  # 返回由该列中所有单元格的数据组成的列表
    #单元格操作
    print(table.cell(1, 1))  # 返回单元格对象
    print(table.cell_type(1, 1))  # 返回单元格中的数据类型
    print(table.cell_value(1, 1))  # 返回单元格中的数据
def main():
    xlrd_read()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
 

测试结果

2.2.6 Python操作Excel官方网址

http://www.python-excel.org/

3.Python创建xml文件

3.1 xml语法学习

https://www.runoob.com/xml/xml-tutorial.html

3.2创建xml文件

ElementTree是python的XML处理模块,它提供了一个轻量级的对象模型。它在Python2.5以后成为Python标准库的一部分,但是Python2.4之前需要单独安装。在使用ElementTree模块时,需要import xml.etree.ElementTree的操作。

ElementTree表示整个XML节点树,而Element表示节点数中的一个单独的节点。

构建XML文件

ElementTree(tag),其中tag表示根节点,初始化一个ElementTree对象。

Element(tag, attrib={}, **extra)函数用来构造XML的一个根节点,其中tag表示根节点的名称,attrib是一个可选项,表示节点的属性。

SubElement(parent, tag, attrib={}, **extra)用来构造一个已经存在的节点的子节点。

Element.text和SubElement.text表示element对象的额外的内容属性,Element.tag和Element.attrib分别表示element对象的标签和属性。

ElementTree.write(file, encoding='us-ascii', xml_declaration=None, default_namespace=None, method='xml'),函数新建一个XML文件,并且将节点数数据写入XML文件中。

3.3 代码测试

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
​
def buildNewsXmlFile():
    # 设置一个新节点,并设置其标签为root
    root = ET.Element("root")
    # 在root下新建两个子节点,设置其名称分别为sina和chinabyte
    sina = ET.SubElement(root, "sina")
    chinabyte = ET.SubElement(root, "chinabyte")
    # 在sina下新建两个子节点,设置其节点名称分别为number和first
    sina_number = ET.SubElement(sina, "number")
    sina_number.text = "1"
    sina_first = ET.SubElement(sina, "first")
    sina_first.text = "http://roll.tech.sina.com.cn/internet_all/index_1.shtml"
    # 在chinabyte下新建两个子节点,设置其节点名称为number和first
    chinabyte_number = ET.SubElement(chinabyte, "number")
    chinabyte_number.text = "1"
    chinabyte_first = ET.SubElement(chinabyte, "first")
    chinabyte_first.text = "http://www.chinabyte.com/more/124566.shtml"
    # 将节点数信息保存在ElementTree中,并且保存为XML格式文件
    RawText = ET.tostring(root)
    dom = minidom.parseString(RawText)
    f = open(r'.\Test_4.axml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    dom.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
    f.close()
    
def main():
    # xml_read()
    # xml_write()
    #xml_create()
    buildNewsXmlFile()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

4.解决问题

读取Excel表格提取需要的数据 --> 缓存数据 --> 遍历没有给数据生成xml文件 --> 合并到配置文件当值 --> 完成所有配置

#!/usr/bin/env python
import xlrd
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
​
from xml.dom import minidom
​
ExcelPath = r'.\FileName.xlsx'
First_Dtc_RowNum = 25
Last_Dtc_RowNum = 456
DtcCodeHexStr = []
DtcCodeDemStr = []
​
def OpenExcel():
    global DtcCodeHexStr
    global DtcCodeDemStr
    
    data = xlrd.open_workbook(ExcelPath)
    table = data.sheet_by_name('DTC')
    DtcCodeHexStr = table.col_values(2, start_rowx=First_Dtc_RowNum, end_rowx=Last_Dtc_RowNum)
    
    for HexStr in DtcCodeHexStr:
        int_10 = int(str(HexStr), 16)
        int_10_str = str(int_10)
        DtcCodeDemStr.append(int_10_str)
        
    print("Type of DtcCodeHexStr = ",type(DtcCodeHexStr))
    print("DtcCodeHexStr = ",DtcCodeHexStr)
    print("Type of DtcCodeDemStr = ", type(DtcCodeDemStr))
    print("DtcCodeDemStr = ", DtcCodeDemStr)
​
def CreatDemDtcXml():
    global First_Dtc_RowNum
    global Last_Dtc_RowNum
    global DtcCodeHexStr
    global DtcCodeDemStr
    
    CONTAINERS = ET.Element("CONTAINERS")
    
    for i in range(Last_Dtc_RowNum - First_Dtc_RowNum):
        EcuContainrValue = ET.SubElement(CONTAINERS, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemDTC_" + DtcCodeHexStr[i]
        ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-PARAM-CONF-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC"
        ParameterValues =  ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "PARAMETER-VALUES")
        EcucTextualParamValue = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-TEXTUAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue, "DEFINITION-REF",{"DEST":"ECUC-ENUMERATION-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC/DemDTCSeverity"
        ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue, "VALUE").text = "DEM_SEVERITY_NO_SEVERITY"
        EcuNumerivalParamValue = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcuNumerivalParamValue, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST":"ECUC-INTEGER-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC/DemDtcValue"
        ET.SubElement(EcuNumerivalParamValue, "VALUE").text = DtcCodeDemStr[i]
        ReferenceValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "REFERENCE-VALUES")
        EcucReferenceValue = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue, "DEFINITION-REF",{"DEST":"ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemDTC/DemDTCAttributesRef"
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue, "VALUE-REF",{"DEST":"ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemConfigSet_0/DemDTCAttributes"
    
    RawText = ET.tostring(CONTAINERS)
    dom = minidom.parseString(RawText)
    
    f = open(r'.\DemDtc.axml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    dom.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
    f.close()
    
def CreatDemEventParameterXml():
    global First_Dtc_RowNum
    global Last_Dtc_RowNum
    global DtcCodeHexStr
    global DtcCodeDemStr
    
    CONTAINERS = ET.Element("CONTAINERS")
    
    for i in range(Last_Dtc_RowNum - First_Dtc_RowNum):
        EcuContainrValue = ET.SubElement(CONTAINERS, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
        
        ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemEventParameter_" + DtcCodeHexStr[i]
        ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue,"DEFINITION-REF").text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter"
        
        ParameterValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "PARAMETER-VALUES")
        EcucNumericalParamValue_0 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-INTEGER-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemEventFailureCycleCounterThreshold"
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_0, "VALUE").text = "1"
       
        EcucTextualParamValue_0 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-TEXTUAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-ENUMERATION-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemReportBehavior"
        ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_0, "VALUE").text = "REPORT_BEFORE_INIT"
        
        EcucNumericalParamValue_1 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemEventAvailable"
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_1, "VALUE").text = "true"
        
        EcucTextualParamValue_1 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-TEXTUAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-ENUMERATION-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemEventKind"
        ET.SubElement(EcucTextualParamValue_1, "VALUE").text = "DEM_EVENT_KIND_BSW"
        
        EcucNumericalParamValue_2 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_2, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemFFPrestorageSupported"
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_2, "VALUE").text = "false"
        ReferenceValues = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "REFERENCE-VALUES")
        
        EcucReferenceValue_0 = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {
        "DEST": "ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDTCRef"
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_0, "VALUE-REF", {
        "DEST": "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemConfigSet_0/DemDTC_" + DtcCodeHexStr[i]
        EcucReferenceValue_1 = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {
        "DEST": "ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemOperationCycleRef"
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_1, "VALUE-REF", {
        "DEST": "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemGeneral/DemOperationCycle_Other"
        
        SubContainers = ET.SubElement(EcuContainrValue, "SUB-CONTAINERS")
        EcucContainerValu_0 = ET.SubElement(SubContainers, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_0, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemRbEventClass_0"
        ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_0, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-PARAM-CONF-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass"
        ParameterValues_0 = ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_0, "PARAMETER-VALUES")
        EcucNumericalParamValue_3 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues_0, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_3, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-INTEGER-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass/DemRbEventBufferTime"
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_3, "VALUE").text = "0"
        EcucNumericalParamValue_4 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues_0, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_4, "DEFINITION-REF", {
        "DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass/DemRbEventRecoverableInSameOperationCycle"
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_4, "VALUE").text = "1"
        EcucNumericalParamValue_5 = ET.SubElement(ParameterValues_0, "ECUC-NUMERICAL-PARAM-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_5, "DEFINITION-REF", {
        "DEST": "ECUC-BOOLEAN-PARAM-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemRbEventClass/DemRbEventStatusBitStorageTestFailed"
        ET.SubElement(EcucNumericalParamValue_5, "VALUE").text = "0"
        
        EcucContainerValu_1 = ET.SubElement(SubContainers, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_1, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemDebounceAlgorithmClass"
        ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_1, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-CHOICE-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDebounceAlgorithmClass"
        SubContainers_1 = ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_1, "SUB-CONTAINERS")
        EcucContainerValu_2 = ET.SubElement(SubContainers_1, "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_2, "SHORT-NAME").text = "DemDebounceCounterBased"
        ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_2, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-PARAM-CONF-CONTAINER-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDebounceAlgorithmClass/DemDebounceCounterBased"
        ReferenceValues_0 = ET.SubElement(EcucContainerValu_2, "REFERENCE-VALUES")
        EcucReferenceValue_2 = ET.SubElement(ReferenceValues_0, "ECUC-REFERENCE-VALUE")
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_2, "DEFINITION-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-REFERENCE-DEF"}).text = "/AUTOSAR_Dem/EcucModuleDefs/Dem/DemConfigSet/DemEventParameter/DemDebounceAlgorithmClass/DemDebounceCounterBased/DemDebounceCounterBasedClassRef"
        ET.SubElement(EcucReferenceValue_2, "VALUE-REF", {"DEST": "ECUC-CONTAINER-VALUE"}).text = "/ETAS_Project/EcucModuleConfigurationValuess/Dem/DemConfigSet_0/DemDebCntClass_U127_D127"
    
    RawText = ET.tostring(CONTAINERS)
    dom = minidom.parseString(RawText)
    
    f = open(r'.\DemEventParameter.axml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    dom.writexml(f, indent='\t', newl='\n', addindent='\t', encoding='utf-8')
    f.close()
​
def main():
    OpenExcel()
    CreatDemDtcXml()
    CreatDemEventParameterXml()
​
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

导入Python生成的xml文件到Davinci/ISOALR等AUTOSAR工具,即可完成所有DTC的配置。

5.总结

每个人在处理Excel数据的时候,如果发现是重复且有规律的工作,都可以考虑使用Python来提高效率。当然,Python的功能还有很多很多,把基本知识学好,后面遇到什么就学什么,有目的的去学要快很多。


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