【VUE】案例：商场会员管理系统

编写vue+dfr实现对会员进行基本增删改查

1. drf项目初始化

• 请求：

  POST
  http://127/0.0.0.1:8000/api/auth/
  {"username":"cqn", "password":"123"}
  

• 返回：

  {"username":"cqn", "token":"fwjkfbj"}
  

• 创建项目
  

• 项目目录结构
  

1.1 安装并注册drf

• pip install djangorestframework
• settings.py

  INSTALLED_APPS = [
      ...
      'django.contrib.staticfiles',
      'api.apps.ApiConfig',
      'rest_framework',
  ]
  

1.2 创建数据库表并添加数据

• models.py

  from django.db import models
  
  class UserInfo(models.Model):
      username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=64)
      password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
      token = models.CharField(verbose_name="token", max_length=64, null=True, blank=True)
  

• makemigrations
• migrate
• 插入两条数据“root 123”，“cqn 123”

1.3 创建apiview文件

views/account.py

import uuid
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models

class AuthSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    username = serializers.CharField(required=True)
    password = serializers.CharField(required=True)

class AuthView(APIView):
    def post(self, request):
        # 1. 获取用户提交数据 request.data = {"username": "xxx", "password": "...}
        # 2. 表单校验
        ser = AuthSerializer(data=request.data)
        if not ser.is_valid():
            return Response({"code": 1000, "msg": "校验失败", "detail": ser.errors})
        # 3. 数据库校验
        user_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(**ser.data).first()
        if not user_object:
            return Response({"code": -1, "msg": "用户名或密码错误"})
        token = uuid.uuid4()
        user_object.token = token
        user_object.save()
        # 4. 数据返回
        return Response({
            "code": 0,
            "data": {"id": user_object.id, "name": user_object.username, "token": user_object.token}
        })

1.4 添加url配置

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from api.views import account

urlpatterns = [
    path('api/auth/', account.AuthView.as_view()),
]

1.5 启动并验证

2. vue项目初始化

• 创建项目
  
• 项目目录
  

2.1 main.js注释全局样式

// import './assets/main.css'

2.2 App.vue

<script setup>
</script>

<template>
  <RouterView />
</template>

<style scoped>
</style>

2.3 views

LoginView.vue

<template>
  <div class="box">
    <p>
      用户名：
      <input type="text" placeholder="用户名" v-model="msg.username">
    </p>
    <p>
      密码：
      <input type="text" placeholder="密码" v-model="msg.password">
    </p>
    <p>
      <button @click="doLogin">登录</button>
    </p>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import {ref} from "vue";
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
import {userInfoStore} from "@/stores/user.js";
import _axios from "@/plugins/axios.js";

const msg = ref({
  username: "",
  password: ""
})
const router = useRouter()
const store = userInfoStore()

const doLogin = function () {
  // 1、获取数据
  console.log(msg.value)
  // 2、发送网络请求
  _axios.get("/api/v1/course/category/free/?courseType=free").then((res) => {
    console.log(res.data)
  })
  // 3、本地存储用户信息（登录凭证）
  // localStorage.setItem("name", msg.value.username)
  let info = {id: 1, name: msg.value.username, token: "ddsafhsjdfkj"}
  store.doLogin(info)
  // 3、跳转到首页
  router.push({name: "mine"})
}

</script>

<style scoped>
.box {
  width: 300px;
  margin: 100px auto;
}
</style>

AdminView.vue

<template>
  <div class="page-header">
    <div class="container">
      <RouterLink to="/admin/mine">我的</RouterLink>
      |
      <RouterLink to="/admin/order">订单</RouterLink>
      <div style="float:right;">
        <a>{{store.userName}}</a>
        <a @click="doLogout">退出1</a>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="container">
    <RouterView/>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
import {userInfoStore} from "@/stores/user.js";

const router = useRouter()
const store = userInfoStore()

function doLogout() {
  store.doLogout()
  router.push({name: "login"})
}
</script>

<style scoped>
body {
  margin: 0;
}

.page-header {
  height: 48px;
  background-color: cornflowerblue;
  line-height: 48px;
}

.page-header a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.container {
  width: 980px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

</style>

MineView.vue

<template>
  <h1>Mine</h1>
</template>

<script setup>
</script>

<style scoped>
</style>

OrderView.vue

<template>
  <h1>Order</h1>
</template>

<script setup>
</script>

<style scoped>
</style>

2.4 stores

user.js

import {ref, computed} from 'vue'
import {defineStore} from 'pinia'


export const userInfoStore = defineStore('userInfo', () => {
    const userString = ref(localStorage.getItem("info"))
    const userDict = computed(() => userString.value ? JSON.parse(userString.value) : null)
    const userId = computed(() => userDict.value ? userDict.value.id : null)
    const userName = computed(() => userDict.value ? userDict.value.name : null)
    const userToken = computed(() => userDict.value ? userDict.value.token : null)

    function doLogin(info) {
        localStorage.setItem("info", JSON.stringify(info))
        userString.value = JSON.stringify(info)

    }

    function doLogout() {
        localStorage.clear()
        userString.value = null
    }

    return {userId, userName, userToken, doLogin, doLogout}
})

2.5 router

index.js

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import {userInfoStore} from "@/stores/user.js";

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/login',
      name: 'login',
      component: () => import('../views/LoginView.vue')
    },
    {
      path: '/admin',
      name: 'admin',
      component: () => import('../views/AdminView.vue'),
      children: [
        {
          path: "",
          redirect: {name: "mine"}
        },
        {
          path: "mine",
          name: "mine",
          component: () => import('../views/MineView.vue')
        },
        {
          path: "order",
          name: "order",
          component: () => import('../views/OrderView.vue')
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
})
router.beforeEach(function (to,from,next) {
  // 1.访问登录页面，不需要登录就可以直接去查看
  if (to.name === "login") {
    next()
    return
  }
  // 2.检查用户登录状态，登录成功，继续往后走next();未登录，跳转至登录页面
  // let username = localStorage.getItem("name")
  const store = userInfoStore()
  if (!store.userId){
    next({name:"login"})
    return;
  }
  // 3.登录成功且获取到用户信息，继续向后访问
  next()
})

export default router

2.6 plugins

axios.js

import axios from "axios";

let config = {
    baseURL: "https://api.luffycity.com/",
    timeout: 20 * 1000
}

const _axios = axios.create(config)

_axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config){
    // console.log("请求前：", config)
    // 1. 去pinia中读取当前用户token
    // 2. 发送请求时携带token
    if(config.params){
        config.params["token"] = "djbfkjbdfkj"
    } else {
        config.params = {"token": "whejsabjdnfj"}
    }
    return config
})

export default _axios

2.7 安装并启动应用

• sudo npm i
• sudo npm i axios
• sudo npm run dev
  

3、前端调用后端，代码配置

ajax.js

import axios from "axios";

let config = {
    baseURL: "http://127.0.0.1:8000/",
    timeout: 20 * 1000
}

const _axios = axios.create(config)

_axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config){
    // console.log("请求前：", config)
    // 1. 去pinia中读取当前用户token
    // 2. 发送请求时携带token
    // if(config.params){
    //     config.params["token"] = "djbfkjbdfkj"
    // } else {
    //     config.params = {"token": "whejsabjdnfj"}
    // }
    return config
})

export default _axios

LoginView.vue

<template>
  <div class="box">
    <p>
      用户名：
      <input type="text" placeholder="用户名" v-model="msg.username">
    </p>
    <p>
      密码：
      <input type="text" placeholder="密码" v-model="msg.password">
    </p>
    <p>
      <button @click="doLogin">登录</button>
    </p>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import {ref} from "vue";
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
import {userInfoStore} from "@/stores/user.js";
import _axios from "@/plugins/axios.js";

const msg = ref({
  username: "",
  password: ""
})
const router = useRouter()
const store = userInfoStore()

const doLogin = function () {
  // 1、获取数据
  console.log(msg.value)
  // 2、发送网络请求
  _axios.post("/api/auth/", msg.value).then((res) => {
    console.log(res.data)
  })
  // 3、本地存储用户信息（登录凭证）
  // localStorage.setItem("name", msg.value.username)
  // let info = {id: 1, name: msg.value.username, token: "ddsafhsjdfkj"}
  // store.doLogin(info)
  // // 3、跳转到首页
  // router.push({name: "mine"})
}

</script>

<style scoped>
.box {
  width: 300px;
  margin: 100px auto;
}
</style>

4、现象：vue前端向后端API发送请求时有问题

Access to XMLHttpRequest at ‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/auth/’ from origin ‘http://localhost:5173’ has been blocked by CORS policy: No ‘Access-Control-Allow-Origin’ header is present on the requested resource.
Access to XMLHttpRequest at ‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/auth/’ from origin ‘http://localhost:5173’ has been blocked by CORS policy: Request header field content-type is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Headers in preflight response.

4.1 请求跨域问题

1、浏览器中有同源策略，当发送ajax请求：请求的地址与当前所在网址保持一致，如果不一致，浏览器就会阻止请求
2、为什么postman/requests不报错？ 因为这俩软件没有同源策略的要求
3、在网站中用cdn地址？ <script src='xxx'></script> <img src='xxx'/> 无影响
4、项目开发时，会经常用到跨域
5、解决方式

• jsonp，发送ajax请求时，跨域会被浏览器阻止；所以不再使用ajax发送请求，而是构造script标签+src发送请求获取结果。
• cors：添加响应头，让浏览器别再限制

6、后端API如何实现CORS？ 中间件

Access-Control-Allow-Origin:"*"
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: "*"

7、实现方式
utils/cors.py

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class CorsMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self, request, response):
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = "*"
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = "*"
        return response

setting.py

MIDDLEWARE = [
    ...
    'utils.cors.CorsMiddleware'
]