2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语（二）试题-解析版

🏠个人主页：fo安方的博客✨
💂个人简历：大家好，我是fo安方，目前中南大学MBA在读，也考取过HCIE Cloud Computing、CCIE Security、PMP、CISP、RHCE、CCNP RS、PEST 3等证书。🐳
💕兴趣爱好：b站天天刷，题目常常看，运动偶尔做，学习需劳心，寻觅些乐趣。🎐
💅欢迎大家：这里是CSDN，是我记录我的日常学习，偶尔生活的地方，喜欢的话请一键三连，有问题请评论区讨论。🌺
🥣导读页：这是管理类联考所有专栏的导航页→入栏需看——全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考，记得收藏哟，阅读无烦恼。🌊
🥣专栏：欢迎订阅
逻辑—管理类联考—知识+题库篇，
逻辑—管理类联考—知识+记忆篇，
数学—管理类联考—知识+题库篇，
数学—管理类联考—知识+记忆篇，
写作—管理类联考—知识+题库+记忆篇，
英语—管理类联考—知识+题库+记忆篇
考试不迷路！🌊
🐥希望本文能够给读者带来一定的帮助~🌸文章粗浅，敬请批评指正！🐥

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定 位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

Section I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

  Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to（1）uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will（2）to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will （3）
  In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to （4） themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one （5）,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would （6） an electric shock when clicked.
  Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. （7） left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would （8）.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, （9） the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
  The drive to （10） is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for （11） or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can （12） new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such （13） can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do （14） things is a profound one.
  Unhealthy curiosity is possible to （15） ,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to （16） how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to （17） to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the （18） of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine （19） it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term （20） is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,"Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.

1. [A]resolve [B]protect [C]discuss [D]ignore
2. [A]refuse [B]wait [C]seek [D]regret
3. [A]rise [B]last [C]mislead [D]hurt
4. [A]alert [B]tie [C]expose [D]treat
5. [A]message [B]trial [C]review [D]concept
6. [A]remove [B]weaken [C]deliver [D]interrupt
7. [A]Unless [B]If [C]Though [D]When
8. [A]happen [B]continue [C]disappear [D]change
9. [A]rather than [B]such as [C]regardless of [D]owing to
10. [A]disagree [B]forgive [C]forget [D]discover
11. [A]pay [B]marriage [C]food [D]schooling
12. [A]begin with [B]rest on [C]learn from [D]lead to
13. [A]withdrawal [B]inquiry [C]persistence [D]diligence
14. [A]self-destructive [B]self-reliant [C]self-evident [D]self-deceptive
15. [A]resist [B]define [C]replace [D]trace
16. [A]predict [B]overlook [C]design [D]conceal
17. [A]remember [B]choose [C]promise [D]pretend
18. [A]relief [B]plan [C]outcome [D]duty
19. [A]whether [B]why [C]where [D]how
20. [A]limitations [B]investments [C]strategies [D]consequences

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

  It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
  Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
  As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
  But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education"have that stereotype…that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,"he says.
  On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.
  But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
  In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
  Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of _______
    [A]mechanical memorization
    [B]academic training
    [C]practical ability
    [D]pioneering spirit
22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who _______
    [A]are financially disadvantaged
    [B]are not academically successful
    [C]have a stereotyped mind
    [D]have no career motivation
23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates _______
    [A]are entitled to more educational privileges
    [B]are reluctant to work in manufacturing
    [C]used to have more job opportunities
    [D]used to have big financial concerns
24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all _______
    [A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
    [B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
    [C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
    [D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education
25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can he descrihed as _______
    [A]supportive
    [B]disappointed
    [C]tolerant
    [D]cautious

Text 2

  While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply,it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
  Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
  In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
  President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
  The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
  The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
  While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word"plummeting"(Line 2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to _______
    [A]changing
    [B]stabilizing
    [C]rising
    [D]falling
27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America _______
    [A]has proved to be impractical
    [B]is as extensive as in Europe
    [C]faces many challenges
    [D]is progressing notably
28. It can be learned that in Iowa, _______
    [A]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
    [B]wind is a widely used energy source
    [C]tech giants are investing in clean energy
    [D]there is a shortage of clean energy supply
29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6? [A]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
    [B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
    [C]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
    [D]Its application has boosted battery storage.
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _______
    [A]will bring the US closer to other countries
    [B]will accelerate global environmental change
    [C]is not really encouraged by the US government
    [D]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

Text 3

  The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.
  Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.
  Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
  The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.

31. According to Paragraph 1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its _______
    [A]digital products
    [B]physical assets
    [C]user information
    [D]quality service
32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may
    [A]worsen political disputes
    [B]pose a risk to Facebook users
    [C]mess up customer records
    [D]mislead the European commission
33. According to the author,competition law _______
    [A]should serve the new market powers
    [B]may worsen the economic imbalance
    [C]should not provide just one legal solution
    [D]cannot keep pace with the changing market
34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because _______
    [A]the services are generally digital
    [B]the services are paid for by advertisers
    [C]they are not defined as customers
    [D]they are not financially reliable
35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate _______
    [A]the relationship between digital giants and their users
    [B]a typical competition pattern among digital giants
    [C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers
    [D]a win-win business model between digital giants

Text 4

  To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.
  There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
  Newport also recommends “deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,"he writes.
  Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.
  While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
  In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”
  "Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,"he argues.
  Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.
  “What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,"says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _______
    [A]seize every minute to work
    [B]list your immediate tasks
    [C]make specific daily plans
    [D]keep to your focus time
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that _______
    [A]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
    [B]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
    [C]distractions may actually increase efficiency
    [D]daily schedules are indispensable to studying
38. According to Newport,idleness is _______
    [A]a desirable mental state for busy people
    [B]a major contributor to physical health
    [C]an effective way to save time and energy
    [D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work
39. Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused _______
    [A]can bring about greater efficiency
    [B]can result in psychological well-being
    [C]is driven by task urgency
    [D]is aimed at better balance in work
40. This text is mainly about _______
    [A]approaches to getting more done in less time
    [B]ways to relieve the tension of busy life
    [C]the key to eliminating distractions
    [D]the cause of the lack of focus time

Part B

Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

[A]Be present
[B]Just say it
[C]Ask for an opinion
[D]Find the"me too"s
[E]Name,places,things
[F]Skip the small talk
[G]Pay a unique compliment

  Conversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link. You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.
41. _______
  Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out,it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.
  Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!
  I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey"or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say"Hi".
42. _______
  It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
  Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of"hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“what’s going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable. So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43. _______
  When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
44. _______
  Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask” .
  So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens.
  When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.
45. _______
  You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward!
  So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to,the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate—whatever you talk about.
  When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
  That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!

Section III Translation

46.Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

  A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.
  That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions：

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to
（1）apologize and explain the situation,and
（2）suggest a future meeting.
  You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
  Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Wei” instead.
  Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

48. Directions：
  Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should
  1）interpret the chart and
  2）give your comments.
  You should write at least 150 words.
  Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)

答案

Section I use of English

  为什么人们会浏览负面的网络评论信息并做一些明显会令人感到痛苦的事情?根据《心理 科学》最近的一项研究可知，因为人们内心中有一种(1)解决不确定因素的需要。这项新的研究 表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会(2)试 图去满足他们的好奇心，即使他们清楚答案很 明显会受到(3)伤害。
  芝加哥大学和威斯康星州商学院的行为科学家们在四项一系列的实验中测试了学生们是 否愿意(4)暴露在不愉快的刺激下以满足好奇心。每次(5)实验中，研究人员给每位参与者一堆 笔并声称这些笔来自先前的实验。不同在于?有一半的笔在按下时会(6)发 出电击。
  有27名学生被告知哪些笔是带电的；而另外27名学生只知道有些笔带电。(7)当被单独 留在房间里时，那些不知道哪些笔会使他们受电击的学生比知道会(8)发 生什么的学生按下了 更多的笔并触发了更多的电击。随后的实验用其他刺激重现了这种效果，(9)例 如指甲刮黑板 的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片。
  芝加哥大学的Christopher Hsee说，人类的内心深深根植着(10)发 现的欲望，与(11)食物 或住所的基本欲望一样。好奇心常常被认为是一种很好的本能——例如，它可以(12)带 来新 的 科学进步——但有时这种(13)探 究会适得其反。好奇心会驱使你去做(14)自我毁灭的事情就 是一个深刻的例子。
  然而，不健康的好奇心是可以(15)抵抗的。在最后一项实验中，那些被鼓励在目睹不太悦 目的图片后(16)预测感觉的参与者，就不太可能(17)选 择观看这样的图片。这些结果表明，利 用一个人的好奇心提前想象所得到的(18)结果，可以帮助人们决定它们(19)是 否值得一试。 Hsee 说：“考虑长期(20)后果才是减轻好奇心可能带来的负面消极影响的关键”。换句话说，不 要去浏览网上的评论。

1. 答案 A
   考查语义理解。文章首句以问句形式提出文章中心：人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一 些明显会令人感到痛苦的事情的原因是什么?随后的第二句指出原因是：因为人们内心中 有一种 _______ 不确定因素或不安的需求。结合选项可知[A] 项 resolve“解决，消除”与后面 的宾语 uncertainty 搭配符合语义要求。故答案选[A] 项 。[B] 项 protect “保护”;[C] 项 discuss" 讨论";[D] 项 ignore“忽略”均不符合语境，故排除。
2. 答案 C
   考查语义理解。空格所在句意为，这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会 _______ 去满足他们的好奇心。seek to do sth.意为“寻求/试图去做某事”符合语义。故答案选 [C] 项 。[A] 项 refuse“拒绝”;[B] 项 wait“等待”;[D] 项 regret“遗憾”均不符合语境，故排除。
3. 答案 D
   考查语义理解。空格所在句意为，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会寻找答案来满足他们 的好奇心，即使答案明显 _______ 。空格前的even when“即使”表转折，因此空格处应填入与前
   面的感情色彩词“strong” 语义相反的词。故答案选[D] 项 hurt“令人痛苦”。且此处的it is clear the answer will hurt也同首句中的that will obviously be painful构成近义复现。
4. 答案 C
   考查固定搭配。expose sb./oneself to sth.意为“使某人/自己暴露在……中”。故答案选[C] 项。
5. 答案 B
   考查词义辨析。空格所在段首句就提到了a series of four experiments;且空格后也是行为实验 中的具体内容。因此空格处应与前面的 experiment 相对应，故答案选[B] 项trial“实验”。
6. 答案 C
   考查语义逻辑。上文提到，研究人员给每位参与者一堆笔并声称这些笔来自先前的实验。 这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开，有一半的笔在按下时会 _______ 电击。结合选项可知， deliver 意为“发出，递送”符合语境，故答案选[C] 项 。[A] 项 remove“删除”;[B] 项 weaken “削弱”;[D] 项 interrupt“中断；打断”均不符合语境，故排除。
7. 答案 D
   考查语义逻辑。上文提到，研究人员告知了27名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机的，而另外27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文则是具体发生的实验状态。故答案选[D] 项，意为“当 他们独自在房间里时……"。
8. 答案 A
   考查语义逻辑。空格所在句意为：那些不知道哪些笔会使他们受电击的学生比知道会 _______ 什么的学生按下了更多的笔并触发了更多的电击。结合选项可知，答案选[A] 项 happen“发生”。students who knew what would happen与前文的students who did not know…相对应。
9. 答案 B
   考查逻辑关系。空格前提到，随后的实验用其他刺激重现了这种效果；而后文讲到具体的实 验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片。空格后的内容是other stimuli的举例。故 答案选[B] 项such as“例如”。
10. 答案 D
    考查语义理解。文章开篇就提到，人们对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲；再根 据上文的实验可知，这些都表明“人类对越是不确定的事物，越好奇”。这是一种discover 的 需求。故答案选[D] 项discover“发现”。
11. 答案 C
    考查语义逻辑。结合上下文可知，此处指“吃住是人类最基本的欲望”。故答案选[C] 项 food。 [A] 项pay“支付”;[B] 项marriage“婚姻”;[D] 项 schooling“学习教育”均不符合语境，故排除。
12. 答案 D
    考查语义理解。空格所在句意为，好奇心常常被认为是一种很好的本能——例如，它可以 _______ 新的科学进步。结合选项可知，[A] 项begin with“以……开始”;[B] 项rest on“停留 在；依靠”;[C] 项learn from“向……学习”;[D] 项 lead to“导致，引起”。只有[D] 项符合语 境。故答案选[D] 项。
13. 答案 B
    考查语义理解。根据空格前的but 可知，前后两句话是转折关系，前文说好奇心会带来新的 科学进步；且根据指示代词such 可知，该句与前句的主语一致，只能选择curiosity 的近义词。结合选项可知，[A] 项 withdrawal“撤退，收回”;[B] 项inquiry" 探究，调查”;[C] 项persistence“坚持，毅力”;[D] 项diligence“勤奋”。只有[B] 项符合语境，故答案选[B] 项。
14. 答案 A
    考查语义理解。空格前提到了，有时候好奇心会适得其反；可知，该句子是对上文的承接。 因此应填入关于好奇心带来的副作用的表达，故答案选[A] 项 self-destructive “自我毁灭 的”。[B] 项 self-reliant “自力更生的”;[C] 项 self-evident“不言而喻的，不证自明的”;[D] 项 self-deceptive“自欺欺人的”均不符合语境，故排除。
15. 答案 A
    考查语义逻辑。上文提到，好奇心有时会招致毁灭性的后果；而空格后的内容是指，在最后 的实验中，那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者，他们选择此类图片的可能性 较小。且空格后的however 表转折关系，可知，此处是指不健康的好奇心是可以忍住或抵抗 的。故答案选[A] 项。
16. 答案 A
    考查语义逻辑。该段首句提到，不健康的好奇心是可以抵抗的。所以可以预测出后面的内 容会围绕“抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响”展开。空格所在句子是participants的 后 置定语，用来修饰受测者，他们积极地去 _______ ,而后面定语从句中提到了，目睹不太悦目的 图片后将会有什么样的感觉，是可以提前想象出来的。说明实验鼓励参与者“预测”行为后 果。故答案选[A] 项。
17. 答案 B
    考查语义逻辑及动词辨析。分析句子结构可知，空格后的such an image是指上文提到的 an unpleasant picture。因此，既然已经知道图片会带来不愉悦的感觉，就不可能去“选择” 了，故答案选[B] 项。
18. 答案 C
    考查语义理解。空格所在句意为，这些结果表明，利用一个人的好奇心提前想象所得到的 _______ ,可以帮助人们决定……可知，此处是指利用好奇心可提前想象的结果来做接下来的 决定。故答案选[C] 项。
19. 答案 A
    考查逻辑关系。空格所在句意为，利用一个人的好奇心提前想象所得到的结果，可以帮助人 们决定它们 _______ 值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系可知，此处是指提前想象后果从而决定“是 否”值得做。故答案选[A] 项。
20. 答案 D
    考查语义理解。空格所在句意为，考虑长期 _______ 才是减轻好奇心可能带来的负面消极影 响的关键所在。因为负面消极影响是好奇心带来的，所以要考虑这种长期的影响，故答案选 [D] 项 consequences “后果，影响”。[A] 项limitations “限制”;[B] 项investments “投资”; [C] 项 strategies“策略”均不符合语境，故排除。

Section II Reading comprehension：

Part A

Text 1

  奇怪的是，Stephen Koziatek觉得他不得不为自己在努力给学生们创造一个更美好的未来而辩护。
  Koziatek 先生是一些开创性先驱中的一分子。他是新罕布什尔州一所高中的老师，在那 里，学习指的不是书本、考试和机械记忆，而是实践。学生们能够说出美国第13任总统的名字， 但却对一条断裂的自行车链条完全不知所措，这是何时成为公认的智慧的?
  正如 Koziatek 所知道的，从所有的事情中都能学到东西。强迫学生在一张被几代人丢弃 的口香糖黏着的满是涂鸦的书桌上学习几何并不一定会有什么好处。他们通过组装自行车同 样可以学习几何。
  但他也发现了一种潜在的偏见。用手工作几乎是一种自卑的标志。他说，职业教育类的学 校“对那些不能在学术上取得成功的孩子们有这样的成见”。
  一方面，这种观点是美国进化的合理产物。制造业不再像曾经一样是经济引擎。美国经济 曾经为高中毕业生提供的工作保障在很大程度上已经消失了。更多教育是新的原则。我们希 望我们的孩子得到更多，这便是理所当然的。
  但是，大力推进学士学位的全面发展——以及低估其他任何方面——都忽略了一个重要的 问题：这不是美国经济所需要的唯一东西。是的，学士学位打开了更多扇门。但即使是现在，美 国仍有54%的工作是中等技能岗位，如建筑业和高技能制造业。但只有44%的工人接受了充 分地培训。
  换句话说，当工人阶级使国家变得政治化的时候，当他们对曾经定义的美国机会正在消失 而感到沮丧时， 一个显而易见的解决方案正摆在我们面前。在工人阶级的工作中存在着一个缺 口，但那些最需要这些工作的工人却没有能力去做。Koziatek 的曼彻斯特理工高中正试图填补 这一空白。
  koziatek 的学校是个警钟。当教育适合所有人的时候，它同样也造成一种容易忽视国家的 人才多元化的危险。

21. 答案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词a broken bike chain定位至第二段第二句。该句提到，在 Koziatek 先生任教的学校里，学习不是书本、考试和机械记忆这些事情，而是实践。因此， 随后举“a broken bike chain”的例子是说明学生们缺乏“实践能力”,故答案选[C] 项 。[A] 项“死记硬背”;[B] 项“课堂训练”;[D] 项“开拓精神”均不符合文意，故排除。
22. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词vocational education定位至第四段。该段末句提到，他 说，职业教育家庭中的学校“对那些不能在学术上取得成功的孩子们有这样的成见”。可 知，职业教育对于“在学术上失败”的孩子们存在的偏见。故答案选[B] 项。原文中的can’t make it academically与 [B] 项相对应。[A] 项“经济困难的孩子们”;[C] 项“有刻板思想的 孩子们”;[D] 项“没有就业动机的孩子们”均不符合文意，故排除。
23. 答案 C
    本题是推断题。根据题干定位至第五段。该段第三句话提到，美国经济曾经为高中毕业生 提供的工作保障在很大程度上已经消失了。这种工作保障的蒸发，说明曾经的工作机会现 在已经不再拥有了，故答案选[C] 项 。[A] 项“有资格享有更多的教育特权”;[B] 项“不愿在 制造业领域工作”;[D] 项“过去有很大的财务问题”在文中均未提及，故排除。
24. 答案 D
    本题是推断题。根据题干关键词headlong push及 bachelor’s degrees定位至第六段首句。该句提到，大力推动学士学位的全面发展——以及低估其他任何方面 都忽略了一个重 要的问题：这不是美国经济所需要的唯一东西。该段第三句中表转折的连词but 也说明， 后面的内容一定是bachelor degree没能解决的问题。故答案选[D] 项“意味着高估了高等 教育”。[A] 项“有助于创造很多中等技能岗位”根据第六段最后两句可排除；[B] 项“可能 在工人阶级的工作中缩小差距”文章倒数第二段只提到在工人阶级的工作中存在着一个缺 口，但大力推动学士学位并不会缩小差距，故排除；[C] 项“预计将产生一只训练有素的劳动 力队伍”在文中并未提及，故排除。
25. 答案 A
    本题是观点题。文章第二段首句就提到，Koziatek 先生是先锋人物；第七段末句提到， Koziatek 的学校正试图填补这一空白；末段又提到，Koziatek 的学校为我们敲响了警钟。 当教育适合所有人的时候，它同样也造成一种危险，即容易忽视国家的人才多元化。说明作者的态度是“支持性的”。故答案选[A] 项。

Text 2

  虽然化石燃料——煤、石油、天然气——仍占全球能源供应的85%左右，但现在比以往任 何时候都更清楚的是，未来属于如风能和太阳能这样的可再生能源。向可再生能源的转移正在 全球范围内加速：它们现在占据了新能源来源的一半以上。
  一些增长源于政府和一些有远见的企业为清洁能源提供资金的保证。但越来越多的新闻 报道是关于可再生能源的价格暴跌，特别是风能和太阳能。过去的8年里，太阳能电池板的成 本已经下降了80%,风力涡轮机的成本下降了近三分之一。
  在世界许多地方，可再生能源已经成为主要的能源来源。例如，在苏格兰，风力涡轮机提供 的电力足以为95%的家庭供电。其他国家(在清洁能源发展方面)保持领先，特别是中国和欧 洲，美国也看到了显著的变化。据美国能源信息管理局报道，今年3月，风能和太阳能首次超过 了美国发电量的10%。
  特朗普总统强调了化石燃料——尤其是煤炭——作为经济增长的途径。在爱荷华州最近 的一次演讲中，他认为风力发电是一种不可靠的能源。但这一信息在爱荷华州的许多人身上并 没有得到充分地体现，那里的风力涡轮机遍布各个领域，为该州提供了36%的发电量，而像微 软这样的科技巨头正被清洁能源的可用性所吸引，为他们的数据中心供电。
  问题是“当没有风或太阳时会发生什么?“这给怀疑者提供了一个核心的切入点。但电池 储存量的提高使得它们更有可能保持24小时不间断的供电。
  这一进展在一定程度上是由汽车制造商推动的，他们在电池驱动的电动汽车上下了很大的赌注。尽管电动汽车在道路上仍然是稀有的，但这种大规模的投资可能在未来几年中使局面迅速转变。
  虽然还有很长的路要走，但可再生能源的发展趋势却在不断飙升。能源来源的变化速度似乎正 在加快——也许是时候该对减缓气候变化方面产生一个有意义的影响了。在全球思想发生转变之 际，无论华盛顿为推广替代能源做出行动还是不行动可能越来越不重要了。

26. 答案 D
    本题是词汇题。根据题干定位至第二段。该段末句是证明倒数第二句句首but 之后的论点句。 由该句可知，在过去的8年中，太阳能电池板和风力涡轮机成本分别下降了80%和约三分之一。 说明，可再生能源的价格是在“下降”。故答案选[D]项。
27. 答案 D
    本题是推断题。根据题干定位至第三段。该段第三句提到，其他国家在清洁能源发展方面保持 领先，美国也看到了显著的变化。其中，also 提示我们美国和其他国家的情况也有相似之处。且 该段末句提到，今年3月，风能和太阳能首次超过了美国发电量的10%。可知，美国在可再生能 源的使用方面取得了显著的进步。故答案选[D] 项 。[A] 项“已被证明是不现实的”;[B] 项“同欧 洲一样广泛”;[C] 项“面临许多挑战”均不符合文意，故排除。
28. 答案 B
    本题是推断题。根据题干关键词Iowa 定位至第四段。其中，But 转折后为本段中心。尽管前两 句提到特朗普不看好风能，但爱荷华州的很多人不赞成这种看法；随后还列举数据说明风能在爱 荷华州的发展势头良好。故答案选[B]项“风能是一种使用广泛的能源”。[A] 项“风能已经取代 了化石燃料”;[C] 项“科技巨头们都在投资清洁能源”;[D] 项“那里清洁能源供应短缺”在文中均 未提及，故排除。
29. 答案 A
    本题是细节题。根据题干定位至第五、六段。结合选项可知，[B] 项“它通常用于汽车制造业”,而 第六段虽提到汽车制造商在电池驱动的电动汽车上下了很大的赌注，但电动汽车在道路上仍然 是稀有的。说明清洁能源并不常用于汽车制造业，故排除；[C] 项“它的可持续开采仍将困难重 重”在文中并未提及有关exploitation 的详细内容，故排除；[D] 项“它的应用提高了电池的储存 量”,而文章第五段只提到电池储存量的提高可以在没有风或太阳这样的清洁能源时持续供电， 而不是因为清洁能源才使储存量提高，故排除。根据第五段末句提到的，但电池储存量的提高使 得它们更有可能保持24小时不间断的供电；第六段末句提到的，但这种大规模的投资可能在未 来几年中使局面迅速转变。可知，这件事在未来可能成为现实。故答案选[A] 项“它的持续供应 正在成为现实”。
30. 答 案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干定位至末段。该段末句提到，无论华盛顿行动还是不行动越来越不重 要了。可知，美国政府并没有真正鼓励可再生能源。故答案选[C] 项 。[A] 项“这将使美国更接近 其他国家”并不能从末段中推出，故排除；[B]项“将加速全球环境变化”和[D] 项“在成本方面不够 有竞争力”在文中并未提及，故排除。

Text 3

  数字经济巨头们的实力和野心令人震惊——亚马孙刚刚宣布以135亿美元收购了高端食品杂 货连锁店Whole Foods(全食超市),但两年前Facebook 为 收 购WhatsApp 的信息服务支付的费用甚 至超过了这一数额，WhatsApp 的信息服务根本没有任何实物产品。WhatsApp 提 供 给Facebook 的 是一个复杂且极其详细的用户朋友圈和社交生活网。
  Facebook 当时向欧盟委员会承诺，不会将电话号码与Facebook 的身份联系起来，但在交易完成 后，Facebook 就违背了这一承诺。即使不知道消息中有什么内容，但知道谁发送了这些信息及向谁 发送了这些信息也极有可能透露客户隐私。哪些是政治记者，哪些是党干事，不想知道Theresa May 的敌人在WhatsApp 群里正在策划的成员构成吗?这可能是因为全食超市对于亚马孙的价值与其说 是它拥有460家商店，不如说是顾客购买了哪些商品的记录。
  竞争法似乎是解决这些权力失衡的唯一途径。但却是很笨拙的。 一方面，与数字经济中的变化速度相比，竞争法是极其滞后的。当一个问题得到解决和补救时，它可能已经在市场上消失了，取而代之的是新的权力滥用行为。但还有一个更深层次的概念问题。目前解释的竞争法涉及消费者的 财务劣势，当这些服务的用户不支付费用时，这一点就不明显了。他们服务的用户不是他们的客户。 而是那些从Facebook 和Google 这两家虚拟巨头中购买广告的人，他们在数字广告中占据了主导地 位，而其他媒体和娱乐公司则处于不利地位。
  他们所销售的产品是数据，而我们，用户，为了数字巨头的利益，将我们的生活转向数据。就像 一些蚂蚁饲养蚜虫，是为了在它们进食时会产生蜜露一样，谷歌也为我们提供了我们数字生活所产生 的数据。蚂蚁使捕食性昆虫远离蚜虫的觅食地；Gmail 将垃圾邮件发送者排除在我们的收件箱之外。 即使双方都受益，这也不像是一种人性化或民主的关系。

31. 答案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干定位至首段。该段前半部分提到Facebook 出巨资购买的应用是一种 messaging service(信息服务),而该段末句说明WhatsApp 应用提供的这种信息服务实际上是一 种复杂且极其详细的用户朋友圈和社交生活方面的信息。故答案选[C] 项“用户的信息”。
32. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities定位至第二段。 该段第二句提到，即使不知道消息中有什么内容，但知道信息是谁发的和信息发给谁也有可能透 露客户隐私。说明，绑定电话号码和Facebook 身份的做法极有可能泄露客户隐私，即增加客户 的个人信息风险。故答案选[B] 项。
33. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干定位至第三段。该段第三句提到，与数字经济中的变化速度相比，竞争 法是极其滞后的。可知，竞争法跟不上变化的市场。[D] 项中的cannot keep pace with与原文中 slow 构成同义替换，故答案选[D] 项 。[A] 项“应服务于新的市场力量”;[B] 项“可能加剧经济失 衡”;[C]项“不应只提供一个法律解决方案”在文中均未提及，故排除。
34. 答案 C
    本题是细节题。根据题干定位至第三段后半部分。此处提到，他们服务的用户不是他们的客 户。而是那些从Facebook 和Google 这两家虚拟巨头中购买广告的人，他们在数字广告中占 据了主导地位，而其他媒体和娱乐公司则处于不利地位。说明目前解释的竞争法很难保护 Facebook 的用户，是因为此处所说的客户的概念是有差别的，而区别就在于，如果你是他的 广告商可能才符合他所谓的客户概念。故答案选[C] 项。
35. 答 案 A
    本题是细节题。根据题干中的关键词ants analogy定位至末段第二句话。而末段首句提 到，他们(Google 和 Facebook) 所销售的商品是数据，而为了这些数据巨头(像Google 和 Facebook 这样的数据信息企业)的利益，作为用户的我们将生活转向数据。这句话揭示了 用户和数据巨头之间的关系，是通过数据联系在一起的。数据巨头销售数据，用户在生活 中使用数据。故答案选[A] 项“论证了数据巨头和用户之间的关系”。

Text 4

  《深度工作：在一个分心的世界中专注成功的规则》 一书的作者Cal Newport建议，要克服 把精力放在忙碌上的陷阱，要养成“深度工作”的习惯——集中精力而不分心的能力。
  掌握深度工作的艺术有很多种方法——无论是专门为从事某项特定任务而进行的漫长的静修；培养一种日常习惯；或者用一种“新闻工作者”的方式来抓住你一天中可以做深度工作的时刻。无论哪种方法，关键是确定你保持专注的时间并坚持下去。
Newport 还建议做“深度日程安排”以应对不断的干扰并在更短的时间内完成更多的工作。 “在任何时候，我都该把深入的工作安排到下个月左右。 一旦列入日程，我就像医生的预约或重 要会议一样保护这段时间，"他写道。
  在更短的时间内完成更多工作的另一种方法是反思一下如何安排一天日程的优先顺序，尤 其是如何制定我们的待办事项列表。《混乱：混乱改变我们的生活》 一书的作者Tim Harford指 出，20世纪80年代初的一项研究将大学生分成两组：有些人被建议制定每月目标和学习活动； 其他人被要求每天都要更详细地计划活动和目标。
  尽管研究人员认为，结构良好的日常计划在执行任务时最有效，但他们错了：详细的日常计 划会使学生失去动力。Harford 认为，不可避免的分心往往会使每天的待办事项清单变得无 效，而在这样的清单中留有即兴发挥的空间可以获得最好的结果。
  为了充分利用我们的注意力和精力，我们还需要拥抱休息时间，或者像Newport 建议的那 样，“偷懒”。
  “懒惰不仅仅是指一次休假、一次放纵或一种恶习；对大脑来说，这是不可缺少的，就像维生 素D 对于身体一样……矛盾的是，[懒惰]对于完成任何工作来说也是必不可少的，"他说。
  哈佛医学院精神病学助理教授Srini Pillay认为，休息时间和劳动生产力之间的这种反直 觉的联系可能归因于我们大脑的运作方式。当我们的大脑在专注与不专注于某项任务之间切 换时，它们往往更有效率。
  Pillay说：“人们没有意识到，为了完成这些任务，他们需要在大脑中同时使用集中注意力 和分散注意力的神经回路。”

36. 答案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词mastering the art和 deep work定位至第二段。该段末句 提到，the key is to与题干中的The key to相对应，后面即为答案，即关键是确定你保持专 注的时间并坚持下去。故答案选[D] 项。
37. 答案 B
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词early 1980s和 Harford 定位至第四段。该段结尾处提到， 研究将大学生分成两组：有些人被建议制定每月目标和学习活动；其他人被要求每天都要 更详细地计划活动和目标。而本题考查的是研究得出的结论。说明结论应该在后面，即第 五段中。第五段段首的while 表让步，接下来的冒号后解释说，详细的日常计划会使学生 失去动力。可知，详细的计划可能不会像预期的那样富有成效。故答案选[B] 项。其中， may not be as fruitful与原文中的demotivated 相对应。
38. 答 案 D
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Newport 和 idleness定位至第六、七段。第七段中明确提 到作者对于“idleness” 的观点，即[懒惰]对于完成任何工作来说也是必不可少的。故答案 选[D] 项“是完成任何工作的必要因素”。其中，essential 与原文中的necessary 相对应； accomplishing any work与原文中的getting any work done相对应。
39. 答 案 A
    本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Pillay 和 being focused and unfocused定位至第八段。该 段末句提到，我们的大脑在专注与不专注于某项任务之间切换，题干中的 shift 为原文中switch 的同义替换；结尾处指出，它们往往更有效率。故答案选[A] 项。该项与原文中的 tend to be more efficient相对应。
40. 答 案 A
    本题是主旨题。文章首段结尾处就提出了主题，关于“the ability to focus without distraction(集中精力而不分心的能力)”;第二段开头的a number of approaches提出方法； 第四段段首再次提到another approach。因此这篇文章重点是讨论在更少的时间做更多事 情的方法。故答案选[A] 项。其中，more done in less time与原文首段中的focus without distraction 相对应。

Part B

  对话是一种链接，它意味着当你与一个新人进行对话时，就会形成这种链接，在那之后的每 一次对话都会加强这个链接。
  你每天都会遇到新的人：杂货店店员、出租车司机、新同事或新来的保安。简单地同他们开 始对话就会形成一个链接。
  这里有五种简单的方法，让你可以先迈出第一步与陌生人开始交谈。
(41) 开口说吧
  假设你和一个你不认识的人待在一个房间里，你内心中会有一种声音说：“我想和这个人说 说话”——这是我们所有人都经常碰到的事。你想说点什么 _______ 第一个字 _______ 但它就是说不出 来，感觉像是被卡在了什么地方。我知道这种感觉，下面是我的建议：把它说出来吧。
  试想：最坏的情况会是什么?他们不和你说话?好吧，他们现在就不跟你说话!
  我真的相信，一旦你把第一个字说出来，其他的一切都将随之涌出。所以，简单地说：“嗨”、 “喂”或“你好”——尽你所能地集中所有的热情和精力，微笑着说“嗨”。
(42) 跳过寒暄
  这是我们大家都面临的问题；你和你想与之交谈的人相处时间有限，你想让这次谈话令人难忘。
  坦白地说，如果我们陷入了“嗨”、“你好”、“你好吗?”以及“近来怎么样”的怪圈?你将无法 给谈话带来最初的惊艳而让它令人难忘。
  所以，不要害怕问更多的个人问题。相信我，你会惊讶地发现，如果你只是问问，很多人都 愿意分享。
(43) 寻找共同点
  当你第一次见到一个人时，努力找到你和那个人的共同之处，这样你就可以从那一点建立 起对话。当你从那里开始谈话，然后向外展开时，你会突然发现谈话变得容易多了。
(44) 投入到当前事件中
  想象一下，你正在向某人倾吐你的内心，而他们只是在忙着打电话，如果你要他们注意，你 会得到“我可以一心多用”的回应。
  所以，当有人想与你交流时，你要全心全意地去沟通。眼神交流。相信我，眼神交流是所有 魔力的开始。当你进行眼神交流时，你可以体会到谈话的内容。
(45) 名称、地点、做过的事情
  当你第一次遇见那个人的时候，你就开始了一场谈话，但是之后你们可能又见面了，你却忘 记了他们的名字。是不是很尴尬!
  所以，记住你遇到的人或与你交谈过的人的小细节；也许是他们去过的地方、他们想去的地方、他们喜欢的以及讨厌的事物——无论你谈到的什么都可以。
  当你记住这些事的时候，你会自动成为他们幸福的投资者。他们会觉得有责任与你继续保持这种关系。
  这就是五种惊人的方式，你几乎可以与任何人交谈。每个人都是一本真正值得去读的好 书，也值得同他们交谈!
41.答案 B
  标题下面的段落中提到，想开始谈话时，想说的话感觉像是被卡在了什么地方，说不出来。随 后提出建议，把它说出来吧。且第四至六段中多次出现say“Hi”,“Hello”,“Hey”等，相当于 get that first word out。可知，这几段共同想表达的内容就是开口说，故答案选[B] 项。
42. 答 案 F
  标题下面的段落中提到，你和与之交谈的人相处时间有限；第八段提到got stuck in,陷入 一 种怪圈；你将无法在一开始谈话时就惊艳到对方，也不会令人难忘。因此，这部分是指跳过 开始的寒暄，询问更多个人问题以找到共同话题。故答案选[F] 项。
43.答案 D
  标题下面的段落中提到，当你第一次见到一个人时，努力找到你和那个人的共同之处，这样 你就可以从那一点建立起对话。可知，这部分的关键词have in common(有共同点)。故答 案选[D] 项。
44. 答案 A
  标题下面的段落中提到，所以，当有人想与你交流时，你要全心全意地去沟通。可知，当有 人和你聊天时，要全身心地投入到谈话中；且后面多次出现eye contact(眼神交流)。故答 案选[A] 项(在现场，投入到当前事件中)。
45. 答 案 E
  标题下面的段落中提到，但是之后你可能再次见到时忘记了他们的名字。这不是很尴尬 吗?此处说明：应该要记住别人的名字；倒数第三段提到的，记住你遇到的人或你交谈过的 人的小细节；也许是他们去过的地方、他们想去的地方、他们喜欢的以及讨厌的事物。说明 要记得你遇到且与之聊过天的这些人的一些小细节。故答案选[E] 项。

SectionIII Translation

  一个五年级学生拿到一份家庭作业，要求从一份职业列表中选择将来的职业道路。他勾 选了“宇航员”,但很快在表上添加了“科学家”,并将它也选上。这个男孩子相信，只要他读得 够多，那么他想探索多少职业道路都可以。于是，他就这样读书——从百科全书到科幻小说， 什么都看。他如饥似渴地读书，以至于他的父母不得不立下一条吃饭时“不许看书的规矩”。
  那个男孩就是比尔 · 盖茨(Bill Gates),而且，他至今依然没有停止阅读——即便他已 经成为这颗星球上最成功的人士之一。如今，他阅读的材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考 书：最近，他透露说自己一年至少看50本非虚构作品。盖茨之所以选择非虚构作品，是因 为它们解释世界是如何运行的。盖茨说：“每本书都开辟出新的知识途径。”

Section IV Writing

Part A

47.[高分作文]
Dear Professor Smith,
  Thank you for your generous invitation.Unfortunately,it is much to my regret that I cannot meet you as previously arranged.
  Two days ago,I suddenly accepted the notice that there would be an academic meeting this Friday night in our department and everyone was asked to attend.I know that my changing plan has definitely caused some inconvenience to you.I’m so sorry for my failing to keep the promise of visiting you.Therefore,in order to make up this situation, I wonder if you could give me another chance and spare some time to meet me next Sunday.
  I’m so sorry for any inconvenience caused by me.Hope you can accept my apology and arrange a new time for me to visit you.I am looking forward to your reply.
                    Yours sincerely,
                      Li Ming

Part B

48.[高分作文]
  Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017.We can find that people attach the greatest importance to the unique characteristics of a restaurant,occupying 36.3%of all the factors.Services and Environment take up the next two largest shares,accounting for 26.8%and 23.8%respectively.Price has slipped to the lowest position of only 8.4% when customers choose a restaurant.
  What has triggered this phenomenon?To begin with,with the fast development of national economy and personal wealth,people in China have stepped into an era of enjoying life,transforming traditional pattern of living.Therefore,such a great proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant,instead of only concentrating on the price.Moreover,in a society where living standard is highly advocated,citizens in mounting numbers in China,shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price,gradually find the service and environment of a restaurant is an essential factor.According to a survey conducted by China Research Center,up to 87% Chinese people prefer to choose a comfortable and fashionable restaurant when they go out for eating.
  Taking into account what has been argued so far,I am inclined to think about the current situation is normal.In view of the analysis above,we can safely come to a conclusion:the tendency will continue to rise for quite a while in the years to come.